HMGB1 Protein (AA 1-215)

Produktnummer ABIN2666551

Dieses Recombinant HMGB1-Protein wird in HEK-293 Cells produziert.

Kurzübersicht für HMGB1 Protein (AA 1-215) (ABIN2666551)

Target: HMGB1 (High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1))

Protein-Typ: Recombinant

Biologische Aktivität: Active

Spezies: Human

Quelle: HEK-293 Cells

Applikation: Cytometry by Time of Flight (CyTOF), Flow Cytometry (FACS)

Reinheit: > 95 % , as determined by Coomassie stained SDS-PAGE.

Produktdetails

Proteineigenschaft: AA 1-215

Sterilität: 0.22 μm filtered

Endotoxin-Niveau:

Less than 0.01 ng per μg cytokine as determine by the LAL method.

Anwendungsinformationen

Applikationshinweise: Optimal working dilution should be determined by the investigator.

Kommentare:

Biological activity: ED50 of 3.0 - 15 μg/ml, as determined by induction of TNF-α in RAW 264.7 monocyte/macrophage mouse cells.

Beschränkungen: Nur für Forschungszwecke einsetzbar

Handhabung

Format: Liquid

Rekonstitution: For maximum results, quick spin vial prior to opening. The protein can be aliquoted and stored at -20 °C to -70 °C. Stock solutions can also be prepared at 50 - 100 μg/mL in sterile buffer (PBS, HPBS, DPBS, or EBSS) containing carrier protein such as 0.2 - 1 % BSA or HSA and stored in working aliquots at -20 °C to -70 °C.

Buffer: 0.22 μm filtered protein solution is in PBS, pH 7.2.

Handhabung: Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles.

Lagerung: -20 °C

Informationen zur Lagerung: Unopened vial can be stored between 2°C and 8°C for one month, at -20°C for six months, or at -70°C for one year.

Antigendetails

Target: HMGB1 (High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1))

Andere Bezeichnung: HMGB1

Hintergrund: High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a protein highly conserved across species that is present in the nuclei (chromatin associated) and cytoplasm of all cells. In the cytoplasm, HMGB1 is a critical regulator of autophagy, enhances cell survival, and limits apoptosis. It also acts as a chaperone that reduces protein aggregation caused by heat or chemical stress. HMGB1 is released to the extracellular milieu by inflammatory cells and by necrotic and apoptotic cells. Once released, it functions as an inflammatory cytokine and it is secreted by macrophages and monocytes as a late response to LPS, TNF-α, IL-1β, or IFN-γ. Interestingly, the inflammatory activity of extracellular HMGB1 is dependent upon its redox state. The protein possesses three cysteine residues: C23, C45, and C106. In its reduced state, HMGB1, (-SH), has chemotactic activity, whereas HMGB1, with a disulfide bond between C23 and C45, induces cytokine production and the activation of NF-κB. The fully oxidized form has no immune function, losing its proinflammatory effect and the caspase-dependent apoptotic cell death activation function. HMGB1 interacts with several molecules, such as IL-1β, RNA, DNA, LPS, lipoteichoic acid (LTA), and CXCL12. Thus, HMGB1 displays greater proinflammatory activity through cytokine binding, and the chemotactic property is mediated by CXCL12 binding. Extracellular HMGB1 contributes to the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, which include: sepsis, rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, chronic kidney disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, and cancer. It has also been associated to chronic pain and delayed gastric ulcer healing in mice.

Molekulargewicht: The 215 amino acid recombinant protein has a predicted molecular mass of approximately 24.8 kDa. The DTT-reduced and non-reduced protein migrate at approximately 38 and 40 kDa respectively by SDS-PAGE. The predicted N-terminal amino acid is Met

Pathways: p53 Signalweg, Regulation of Muscle Cell Differentiation, Skeletal Muscle Fiber Development, Positive Regulation of Endopeptidase Activity, Regulation of Carbohydrate Metabolic Process, Toll-Like Receptors Cascades, Smooth Muscle Cell Migration, Inflammasome