Any growing organism – regardless of it being single- or multi-cellular – rests upon the reiteration the growth and division of existing cells under favorable conditions. During each round of this process, the cell cycles through an ordered series of events in which its genetic information is duplicated and then splits up into two cells. These events are tightly regulated and certain checkpoints must be passed in order for the cell cycle to be completed. The loss of control of these processes is a hallmark of cancer.
The cell cycle is split up into four major phases based on the events unfolding in the cell. During the first gap phase (G1) the proteins are produced that are essential for DNA replication. The genetic information is then being replicated during the synthesis (S) phase. In the second gap phase (G2) all the components that are necessary for the separation of the duplicated DNA during the subsequent mitosis (M phase). Cells that are not actively dividing are considered to be in a quiescent state in the resting phase G0. Two checkpoints between G1/S and G2/M phase must be passed in order for the cell cycle to progress.
Once replication, DNA replication must be finished. Therefore, the major checkpoint in the cell cycle is the restriction (R) point between G1 and S phases, prior to DNA duplication, at which the cycle progresses depending on mitogenic or inhibitory factors such as DNA damage and signals from various signaling pathways. A second checkpoint is at the intersection between G2 and M phases. Progression from one phase to another is controlled by cyclin dependent kinases (CDK) and their activators, cyclins. Latter proteins are unstable and their cellular concentration cycles throughout the cell cycle. Accordingly, specific cyclin-CDK complexes are characteristic for the different cell cycle phases. In addition, their activity is further modulated by CDK inhibitors. Collectively, these factors maintain balance on a cellular level and beyond.
CDK2AP2 (Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 Associated Protein 2): | CDK2AP2 Antikörper | CDK2AP2 ELISA Kits | CDK2AP2 Proteine |
CDK3 (Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 3): | CDK3 Antikörper | CDK3 ELISA Kits | CDK3 Proteine |
CDKL3 (Cyclin-Dependent Kinase-Like 3): | CDKL3 Antikörper | CDKL3 Proteine | |
CDK5 (Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5): | CDK5 Antikörper | CDK5 ELISA Kits | CDK5 Proteine |
CDK7 (Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 7): | CDK7 Antikörper | CDK7 ELISA Kits | CDK7 Proteine |
CDK8 (Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 8): | CDK8 Antikörper | CDK8 ELISA Kits | CDK8 Proteine |
CDK9 (Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 9): | CDK9 Antikörper | CDK9 ELISA Kits | CDK9 Proteine |
CCNA1 - Cyclin A1: | CCNA1 Antikörper | CCNA1 ELISA Kits | CCNA1 Proteine |
CCNA2 - Cyclin A: | CCNA2 Antikörper | CCNA2 ELISA Kits | CCNA2 Proteine |
CCNB3 - Cyclin B3: | CCNB3 Antikörper | CCNB3 Proteine | |
CCNC - Cyclin C: | CCNC Antikörper | CCNC Proteine | |
CCND1 - Cyclin D1: | CCND1 Antikörper | CCND1 ELISA Kits | CCND1 Proteine |
CCND2 - Cyclin D2: | CCND2 Antikörper | CCND2 ELISA Kits | CCND2 Proteine |
CCND3 - Cyclin D3: | CCND3 Antikörper | CCND3 ELISA Kits | CCND3 Proteine |
CCNH - Cyclin H: | CCNH Antikörper | CCNH ELISA Kits | CCNH Proteine |
CCNI - Cyclin I: | CCNI Antikörper | CCNI ELISA Kits | CCNI Proteine |
FOXO1 (Forkhead Box O1): | FOXO1 Antikörper | FOXO1 ELISA Kits | FOXO1 Proteine |
FOXO3 (Forkhead Box O3): | FOXO3 Antikörper | FOXO3 ELISA Kits | FOXO3 Proteine |
FOXO4 (Forkhead Box O4): | FOXO4 Antikörper | FOXO4 ELISA Kits | FOXO4 Proteine |
SMAD2 (SMAD, Mothers Against DPP Homolog 2): | SMAD2 Antikörper | SMAD2 ELISA Kits | SMAD2 Proteine |
SMAD3 (SMAD, Mothers Against DPP Homolog 3): | SMAD3 Antikörper | SMAD3 ELISA Kits | SMAD3 Proteine |
SMAD4 (SMAD Family Member 4): | SMAD4 Antikörper | SMAD4 ELISA Kits | SMAD4 Proteine |
BMI1 (BMI1 Polycomb Ring Finger Oncogene): | BMI1 Antikörper | BMI1 ELISA Kits | BMI1 Proteine |
MNAT1 (Menage A Trois Homolog 1, Cyclin H Assembly Factor (Xenopus Laevis)): | MNAT1 Antikörper | MNAT1 ELISA Kits | MNAT1 Proteine |
CDC25B (Cell Division Cycle 25 Homolog B (S. Pombe)): | CDC25B Antikörper | CDC25B ELISA Kits | CDC25B Proteine |
CDC25C (Cell Division Cycle 25 Homolog C (S. Pombe)): | CDC25C Antikörper | CDC25C ELISA Kits | CDC25C Proteine |
RASGRF1 (Ras Protein-Specific Guanine Nucleotide-Releasing Factor 1): | RASGRF1 Antikörper | RASGRF1 ELISA Kits | RASGRF1 Proteine |
CDKN2C (Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 2C (p18, Inhibits CDK4)): | CDKN2C Antikörper | CDKN2C ELISA Kits | CDKN2C Proteine |
CDKN2D (Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 2D (p19, Inhibits CDK4)): | CDKN2D Antikörper | CDKN2D Proteine | |
CDKN1A (Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 1A (p21, Cip1)): | CDKN1A Antikörper | CDKN1A ELISA Kits | CDKN1A Proteine |
CDKN1B (Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 1B (p27, Kip1)): | CDKN1B Antikörper | CDKN1B ELISA Kits | CDKN1B Proteine |
CDKN1C (Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 1C (p57, Kip2)): | CDKN1C Antikörper | CDKN1C ELISA Kits | CDKN1C Proteine |
MYC - C-MYC: | MYC Antikörper | MYC ELISA Kits | MYC Proteine |
E2F2 (E2F Transcription Factor 2): | E2F2 Antikörper | E2F2 ELISA Kits | E2F2 Proteine |
E2F4 (E2F Transcription Factor 4, P107/p130-Binding): | E2F4 Antikörper | E2F4 Proteine | |
TFDP1 - DP1: | TFDP1 Antikörper | TFDP1 ELISA Kits | TFDP1 Proteine |
TFDP2 - DP2: | TFDP2 Antikörper | TFDP2 ELISA Kits | TFDP2 Proteine |
RBL1 - p107: | RBL1 Antikörper | RBL1 ELISA Kits | RBL1 Proteine |
RBL2 - p130: | RBL2 Antikörper | RBL2 ELISA Kits | RBL2 Proteine |
MNAT1 (Menage A Trois Homolog 1, Cyclin H Assembly Factor (Xenopus Laevis)): | MNAT1 Antikörper | MNAT1 ELISA Kits | MNAT1 Proteine |
CDC25A (Cell Division Cycle 25 Homolog A (S. Pombe)): | CDC25A Antikörper | CDC25A ELISA Kits | CDC25A Proteine |
CDC25B (Cell Division Cycle 25 Homolog B (S. Pombe)): | CDC25B Antikörper | CDC25B ELISA Kits | CDC25B Proteine |
CDC25C (Cell Division Cycle 25 Homolog C (S. Pombe)): | CDC25C Antikörper | CDC25C ELISA Kits | CDC25C Proteine |
RASGRF1 (Ras Protein-Specific Guanine Nucleotide-Releasing Factor 1): | RASGRF1 Antikörper | RASGRF1 ELISA Kits | RASGRF1 Proteine |
WEE1 (WEE1 Homolog (S. Pombe)): | WEE1 Antikörper | WEE1 ELISA Kits | WEE1 Proteine |
MYT1 (Myelin Transcription Factor 1): | MYT1 Antikörper | MYT1 ELISA Kits | MYT1 Proteine |
PLK1 (Polo-Like Kinase 1): | PLK1 ELISA Kits | ||
PPM1D (Protein Phosphatase, Mg2+/Mn2+ Dependent, 1D): | PPM1D Antikörper | PPM1D Proteine | |
GADD45A (Growth Arrest and DNA-Damage-Inducible, alpha): | GADD45A Antikörper | GADD45A ELISA Kits | GADD45A Proteine |
GADD45B (Growth Arrest and DNA-Damage-Inducible, beta): | GADD45B Antikörper | GADD45B Proteine | |
GADD45G (Growth Arrest and DNA-Damage-Inducible, gamma): | GADD45G Antikörper | GADD45G ELISA Kits | GADD45G Proteine |
MDM4 - MDM4-binding Protein: | MDM4 Antikörper | MDM4 ELISA Kits | MDM4 Proteine |
BRCA1 (Breast Cancer 1): | BRCA1 Antikörper | BRCA1 ELISA Kits | BRCA1 Proteine |
RBBP8 - Retinoblastoma Binding Protein 8: | RBBP8 Antikörper | RBBP8 Proteine | |
HIPK2 (Homeodomain Interacting Protein Kinase 2): | HIPK2 Antikörper | HIPK2 ELISA Kits | HIPK2 Proteine |
TOP2A - Topoisomerase II alpha: | TOP2A Antikörper | TOP2A ELISA Kits | TOP2A Proteine |
TERF1 - TRF1: | TERF1 Antikörper | TERF1 ELISA Kits | TERF1 Proteine |
TERF2 - TRF2: | TERF2 Antikörper | TERF2 ELISA Kits | TERF2 Proteine |
TINF2 (TIN2): | TINF2 Antikörper | TINF2 ELISA Kits | TINF2 Proteine |
TPP1 (Tripeptidyl Peptidase I): | TPP1 Antikörper | TPP1 ELISA Kits | TPP1 Proteine |
POT1 (Protection of Telomeres 1 Homolog (S. Pombe)): | POT1 Antikörper | POT1 ELISA Kits | POT1 Proteine |
TERF2IP - RAP1: | TERF2IP Antikörper | TERF2IP ELISA Kits | TERF2IP Proteine |
AURKA - Aurora A: | AURKA Antikörper | AURKA ELISA Kits | AURKA Proteine |
CDKN1A (Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 1A (p21, Cip1)): | CDKN1A Antikörper | CDKN1A ELISA Kits | CDKN1A Proteine |
MDM2 (Mdm2 P53 Binding Protein Homolog (Mouse)): | |||
MDM2 (Mdm2, p53 E3 Ubiquitin Protein Ligase Homolog (Mouse)): | MDM2 Antikörper | MDM2 ELISA Kits | MDM2 Proteine |
AURKB - Aurora Kinase B: | AURKB Antikörper | AURKB ELISA Kits | AURKB Proteine |
AURKC - Aurora Kinase C: | AURKC Antikörper | AURKC Proteine | |
CDCA8 (Cell Division Cycle Associated 8): | CDCA8 Antikörper | CDCA8 ELISA Kits | CDCA8 Proteine |
BIRC5 (Baculoviral IAP Repeat-Containing 5): | BIRC5 Antikörper | BIRC5 ELISA Kits | BIRC5 Proteine |
EPR1 (Early-Phytochrome-Responsive1): |
COPS2 - COP9 Constitutive Photomorphogenic Homolog Subunit 2 (Arabidopsis): | COPS2 Proteine | ||
COPS3 (COP9 Constitutive Photomorphogenic Homolog Subunit 3 (Arabidopsis)): | COPS3 Antikörper | COPS3 Proteine | |
COPS4 (COP9 Constitutive Photomorphogenic Homolog Subunit 4 (Arabidopsis)): | COPS4 Antikörper | COPS4 Proteine | |
COPS5 (COP9 Constitutive Photomorphogenic Homolog Subunit 5 (Arabidopsis)): | COPS5 Antikörper | COPS5 ELISA Kits | COPS5 Proteine |
COPS7A (COP9 Constitutive Photomorphogenic Homolog Subunit 7A (Arabidopsis)): | COPS7A Antikörper | COPS7A Proteine | |
COPS7B (COP9 Constitutive Photomorphogenic Homolog Subunit 7B (Arabidopsis)): | COPS7B Antikörper | COPS7B Proteine | |
COPS8 (COP9 Constitutive Photomorphogenic Homolog Subunit 8 (Arabidopsis)): | COPS8 Antikörper | COPS8 Proteine |
SKP1 (S-Phase Kinase-Associated Protein 1): | SKP1 Antikörper | SKP1 ELISA Kits | SKP1 Proteine |
RBX1 (Ring-Box 1, E3 Ubiquitin Protein Ligase): | RBX1 Antikörper | RBX1 Proteine | |
BTRC (beta-Transducin Repeat Containing): | BTRC Antikörper | BTRC ELISA Kits | BTRC Proteine |
TFDP2 - DP2: | TFDP2 Antikörper | TFDP2 ELISA Kits | TFDP2 Proteine |
TFDP3 (Transcription Factor Dp Family, Member 3): | TFDP3 Antikörper | ||
LIN9 (Lin-9 Homolog (C. Elegans)): | LIN9 Antikörper | LIN9 Proteine | |
LIN37 (Lin-37 Homolog (C. Elegans)): | LIN37 Antikörper | LIN37 Proteine | |
LIN54 (Lin-54 Homolog (C. Elegans)): | LIN54 Antikörper | LIN54 Proteine | |
RBBP4 - Retinoblastoma Binding Protein 4: | RBBP4 Antikörper | RBBP4 ELISA Kits | RBBP4 Proteine |
MYBL1 (Myb-Like Protein 1): | MYBL1 Antikörper | MYBL1 ELISA Kits | MYBL1 Proteine |
MYBL2 (V-Myb Myeloblastosis Viral Oncogene Homolog (Avian)-Like 2): | MYBL2 Antikörper | MYBL2 ELISA Kits | MYBL2 Proteine |