Adrenomedullin (ADM) ELISA Kit

Antigen: Adrenomedullin (ADM)

Synonyme: AM, Ap, RATAP, H39316, ADM

Reaktivität: Schwein

Applikation: ELISA

Zertifikate: ISO 9001:2008, ISO 13485:2003

Produktnummer: ABIN415912

Produktbeschreibung

Produktmerkmale: The ELISA kit is a sandwich enzyme immunoassay for the in vitro quantitative measurement of porcine ADM in serum, plasma and other biological fluids.

Proben: Serum, Plasma, Biological Fluids

Beschreibung: The ELISA kit is a sandwich enzyme immunoassay for the in vitro quantitative measurement of porcine ADM in serum, plasma and other biological fluids.

Spezifität: This assay has high sensitivity and excellent specificity for detection of porcine ADM. No significant cross-reactivity or interference was observed.

Sensitivität: The minimum detectable dose of porcine ADM is typically less than 10.3 pg/mL. The sensitivity of this assay, or Lower Limit of Detection (LLD) was defined as the lowest protein concentration that could be differentiated from zero. It was determined the mean O.D. Value of 20 replicates of the zero standard added by their three standard deviations.

Detektionsbereich: 31.2-2,000 pg/mL. The standard curve concentrations used for the ELISA's were 2,000 pg/mL, 1,000 pg/mL, 500 pg/mL, 250 pg/mL, 125 pg/mL, 62.5 pg/mL, 31.2 pg/mL.

Anwendungen

Prinzip: The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to ADM. Standards or samples are then added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells with a biotin-conjugated polyclonal antibody preparation specific for ADM. Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. Then a TMB substrate solution is added to each well. Only those wells that contain ADM, biotin-conjugated antibody and enzyme-conjugated Avidin will exhibit a change in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of a sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450 nm 2 nm. The concentration of ADM in the samples is then determined by comparing the O.D. of the samples to the standard curve. SUMMARY AND EXPLANATION Adrenomedullin (ADM) is a peptide associated with pheochromocytoma. It was discovered in 1993. The ADM gene is localized to a single locus on Chromosome 11 with 4 exons and 3 introns. The ADM gene initially codes for a 185-amino acid precursor peptide, that can be differentially excised to form a number of peptides, including an inactive 53-amino acid ADM, e PAMP, adrenotensin and ADM95-146. Mature ADM is activated to form a 52 amino acid, 6-amino acid ring, that shares moderate structural similarity to the calcitonin family of regulatory peptides (calcitonin, CGRP and amylin). Circulating ADM consists of both amidated (mature) and the glycated form (inactive, with the latter comprising the major form (85%). The measured to have a plasma half-life of 22min, mean clearance rate of 274 mL/kg/min, and apparent volume of distribution of 880+/- 150 mL/kg. Mature ADM is metabolised via aminopeptidase action. At present ADM is believed to function through the combination of a few combinations of the calitonin receptor like receptor (CL) and receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMP) complexes, as well as CGRP receptors. It is worth noting that unlike the classical one ligand-one receptor notion of receptor signalling, the interaction of both CL and RAMP at the membrane, is required for ADM to mediate its action. The outcome of ADM stimulatation of its receptor is the cellular production of both cyclic AMP (cAMP) and nitric oxide production. Some may find the production of these inside the cell to be at odds, since often they have opposing effects, but as yet, the timing of these effects remains to be studied. ADM was initially identified as a vasodilator, some have cited this as the most potent endogenous vasodilatory peptide found in the body. Differences in opinion regarding the ability of ADM to relax vascular tone arises from the differences in the model system used. Other effects of ADM include increasing the tolerance of cells to oxidative stress and hypoxic injury and angiogenesis. ADM is seen as a positive influence in diseases such as hypertension, myocardial infarction, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and other cardiovascular diseases, whereas it can be seen as a negative factor in potentiating the potential of cancerous cells to extend their blood supply and cause cell proliferation.

Aufbereitung der Reagenzien: 1. Bring all kit components and samples to room temperature(18-25 ) before use.
2. Standard - Reconstitute the Standard with 1.0 ml of Standard Diluent, kept for 10 minutes at room tempreture, shake gently(not to foam). The concentration of the standard in the stock solution is 2,000 pg/mL. Use the stock standard solution to produce a dilution series (shown below). Mix each tube thoroughly before the next transfer. Set up 7 points of diluted standard such as 2,000 pg/mL, 1,000 pg/mL, 500 pg/mL, 250 pg/mL, 125 pg/mL, 62.5 pg/mL, 31.2 pg/mL, and the last EP tubes with Standard Diluent is the blank as 0 pg/mL. Tube 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 pg/mL 2,000 1,000 500 250 125 62.5 31.2 0
3. Assay Diluent A and Assay Diluent B - Dilute 6mL of Assay Diluent A or B Concentrate(2x) with 6ml of deionized or distilled water to prepare 12 mL of Assay Diluent A or B. The prepared working dilution can't be frozen.
4. Detection Reagent A and Detection Reagent B - Briefly spin or centrifuge the stock Detection A and Detection B before use. Dilute to the working concentration with working Assay Diluent A or B, respectively (1:100).
5. Wash Solution - Dilute 20mL of Wash Solution Concentrate(30 ) with 580ml of deionized or distilled water to prepare 600 mL of Wash Solution(1 ).
6. TMB substrate - Aspirate the needed dosage of the solution with sterilized tips and do not dump the residual solution into the vial again.
Note:
1. Prepare standard within 15 minutes before assay. Please do not dissolve the reagents at 37 directly.
2. Making serial dilution in the wells directly is not permitted.
3. Please carefully reconstitute Standards or working Detection Reagent A and B according to the instruction, and avoid foaming and mix gently until the crystals have completely dissolved. To minimize imprecision caused by pipetting, use small volumes and ensure that pipettors are calibrated. It is recommended to suck more than 10l for once pipetting.
4. The reconstituted Standards, Detection Reagent A and Detection Reagent B can be used only once once.
5. If crystals have formed in the Wash Solution concentrate(30 ), warm to room temperature and mix gently until the crystals have completely dissolved.

Probennahme: Serum - Use a serum separator tube and allow samples to clot for two hours at room temperature or overnight at 4 before centrifugation for 20 minutes at approximately 1000 g. Assay freshly prepared serum immediately or store samples in aliquot at - 20 or -80 for later use. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles.
Plasma - Collect plasma using EDTA or heparin as an anticoagulant. Centrifuge samples for 15 minutes at 1000 g at 2 - 8 within 30 minutes of collection. Remove serum and assay immediately or store samples in aliquot at -20 or -80 for later use. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles.
Other biological fluids - Centrifuge samples for 20 minutes at 1000 g. Remove particulates and assay immediately or store samples in aliquot at -20 or -80 for later use. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles.
Note:
1. Samples to be used within 5 days may be stored at 2-8 , otherwise samples must stored at -20 ( 1 month) or -80 ( 2 months) to avoid loss of bioactivity and contamination.
2. When performing the assay slowly bring samples to room temperature.
3. Sample hemolysis will influence the result, so hemolytic specimen can not be detected.

Testdurchführung: Please predict the concentration before assaying. If values for these are not within the range of the standard curve, users must determine the optimal sample dilutions for their particular experiments.
1. Determine wells for diluted standard, blank and sample. Prepare 7 wells for standard, 1 well for blank. Add 100 each of dilutions of standard (see Reagent Preparation ), blank and samples into the appropriate wells. Cover with the Plate sealer. Incubate for 2 hours at 37 .
2. Remove the liquid of each well, don't wash.
3. Add 100 of Detection Reagent A working solution to each well. Incubate for 1 hour at 37 after covering it with the Plate sealer.
4. Aspirate the solution and wash with 400 of 1X Wash Solution to each well using a squirt bottle, multi-channel pipette, manifold dispenser or autowasher, and let it sit for 1~2 minutes. Remove the remaining liquid from all wells completely by snapping the plate onto absorbent paper. Repeat 3 times. After the last wash, remove any remaining Wash Buffer by aspirating or decanting. Invert the plate and blot it against absorbent paper.
5. Add 100 of Detection Reagent B working solution to each well. Incubate for 30 minutes at 37 after covering it with the Plate sealer.
6. Repeat the aspiration/wash process for five times as conducted in step 4.
7. Add 90 of Substrate Solution to each well. Cover with a new Plate sealer. Incubate for 15 - 25 minutes at 37 (Don't exceed 30 minutes). Protect from light. The liquid will turn blue by the addition of Substrate Solution.
8. Add 50 of Stop Solution to each well. The liquid will turn yellow by the addition of Stop solution. Mix the liquid by tapping the side of the plate. If color change does not appear uniform, gently tap the plate to ensure thorough mixing.
9. Remove any drop of water and fingerprint on the bottom of the plate and confirm there is no bubble on the surface of the liquid. Then, run the microplate reader and conduct measurement at 450nm immediately.
Note:
1. Assay preparation: Keep appropriate numbers of strips for 1 experiment and remove extra strips from microtiter plate. Removed strips should be resealed and stored at 4 until the kits expiry date.
2. Samples or reagents addition: Please use the freshly prepared Standard. Please additionPlease carefully add samples to wells and mix gently to avoid foaming. Do not touch the well wall as possible. For each step in the procedure, total dispensing time for addition of reagents or samples to the assay plate should not exceed 10 minutes. This will ensure equal elapsed time for each pipetting step, without interruption. Duplication of all standards and specimens, although not required, is recommended. To avoid cross-contamination, change pipette tips between additions of each standard level, between sample additions, and between reagent additions. Also, use separate reservoirs for each reagent.
3. Incubation: To ensure accurate results, proper adhesion of plate sealers during incubation steps is necessary. Do not allow wells to sit uncovered for extended periods between incubation steps. Once reagents have been added to the well strips, DO NOT let the strips DRY at any time during the assay. Incubation time and temperature must be observed.
4. Washing: The wash procedure is critical. Complete removal of liquid at each step is essential to good performance. After the last wash, remove any remaining Wash Solution by aspirating or decanting and remove any drop of water and fingerprint on the bottom of the plate. Insufficient washing will result in poor precision and falsely elevated absorbance reading.
5. Controlling of reaction time: Observe the change of colour after adding TMB , Substrate (e.g. observation once every 10 minutes), if the colour is too deep, add Stop Solution in advance to avoid excessively strong reaction which will result in inaccurate absorbance reading.
6. TMB Substrate is easily contaminated. Please protect it from light.

Ergebnisberechnung: Average the duplicate readings for each standard, control, and samples and subtract the average zero standard optical density. Create a standard curve by reducing the data using computer software capable of generating a four parameter logistic (4-PL) curve-fit. As an alternative, construct a standard curve by plotting the mean absorbance for each standard on the x-axis against the concentration on the y-axis and draw a best fit curve through the points on the graph. The data may be linearized by plotting the log of the ADM concentrations versus the log of the O.D. and the best fit line can be determined by regression analysis. It is recommended to use some related software to do this calculation, such as curve expert 13.0. This procedure will produce an adequate but less precise fit of the data. If samples have been diluted, the concentration read from the standard curve must be multiplied by the dilution factor.

Handhabung: The Stop Solution suggested for use with this kit is an acid solution. Wear eye, hand, face, and clothing protection when using this material.

Bestandteile: Pre-coated, ready to use 96-well strip plate: 1
Plate sealer: for 96 wells: 4
Standard (freeze dried): 2
Standard Diluent: 1 x 20ml
Detection Reagent A: 1 x 120µl
Detection Reagent B: 1 x 120µl
Assay Diluent A (2 x concentrate): 1 x 6ml
Assay Diluent B (2 x concentrate): 1 x 6ml
TMB Substrate: 1 x 9ml
Stop Solution: 1 x 6ml
Wash Buffer(30 x concentrate): 1 x 20ml

Benötigtes Material: 1. Microplate reader with 450 x 10 nm filter.
2. Precision single and multi-channel pipettes and pipette tips with disposable tips.
3. Eppendorf Tubes for diluting samples.
4. Deionized or distilled water.
5. Absorbent paper for blotting the microtiter plate.
6. Container for Wash Solution

Lagerung: All the reagents should be kept according to the labels on vials.The Standard Detection Standard, Reagent A, Detection Reagent B and the 96-well strip plate should be stored at -20 upon being received. The unused strips should be kept in a sealed bag with the desiccant provided to minimize exposure to damp air. The test kit may be used throughout the expiration date of the kit (six months from the date of manufacture). Opened test kits will remain stable until the expiring date shown, provided it is stored as prescribed above.

Beschränkungen: Nur für Forschungszwecke einsetzbar