BCL2-Associated X Protein (BAX) Antikörper

Antigen: BCL2-Associated X Protein (BAX)

Synonyme: BCL2L4, bax, fj16e01, wu:fc50b10, wu:fj16e01, BAX, bax-A, xBax, xlbax, MGC76049, BAX-ALPHA

Klonalität: Polyklonal

Wirt: Kaninchen

Reaktivität: Human

Applikation: Immunhistochemie (Paraffinschnitte) (IHC (p))

Zertifikate: ISO 9001:2008, ISO 13485:2003

Anbieter: Dako

Produktnummer: ABIN370546

Produktbeschreibung

Weitere Bezeichnung: Bax

Immunogen: Synthetic peptide corresponding to amino acids 43-61 of the human Bax protein (1)

Beschreibung: Bax belongs to a family of proteins which share homology with Bcl-2 in several highly conserved regions. The Bcl-2-related proteins are involved in the regulation of apoptosis, acting to promote or suppress cell death. Overexpression of Bax functions to promote cell death. Bax can form homodimers and is also able to heterodimerize with other Bcl-2 related proteins (2). Formation of heterodimers between Bax and Bcl-2 homologues with death repressor function (Bcl-2, Mcl-1 and Bcl-XL) leads to inhibition of the death promoting effects of Bax (2,3). It has been proposed that the relative expression of the different Bcl-2 family proteins controls the sensitivity of cells to apoptotic stimuli (2,4).

Spezifität: The bax gene encodes a 21 kD protein (Bax- alpha) with a transmembrane domain, which has been localized to the mitochondria by laser scanning microscopy (5). Alternative forms of cytosolic Bax (Bax- beta, 24 kD and Bax-gamma, 5 kD) have been predicted from cDNA cloning (3). Rabbit anti-human Bax (Anti-Bax) has been shown to react with a 21 kD band in immunoblot analysis of human breast cancer cell line MCF-7, normal breast tissue and peripheral blood lymphocytes from a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Immunoblot analysis of the p21-Bax- alpha transfected Jurkat human leukemia cell line also revealed a single M r 21,000 band. Anti-Bax was unreactive with mouse Bax in immunoblots of murine tissues and cell lines (1).

Anwendungen

Applikationshinweise: Not for use in diagnostic procedures. Paraffin Sections Rabbit anti-human Bax can be used on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections. In order for this antibody to perform optimally on paraffin-embedded tissues, a high sensitivity detection system is required, such as the Dako CSA (code K1500). Because CSA is designed for use with mouse primary antibodies, the system must be adapted for rabbit primary antibodies. This can be achieved by substituting the CSA Rabbit Link (code K1498) for the anti-mouse link antibody provided in K1500. Rabbit anti-human Bax may be used at a dilution of 1:1500 in the CSA detection system adapted for rabbit primary antibodies, determined on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. For diluting antibodies, Dako Antibody Diluent with Background Reducing Components (code S3022) is recommended. These are guidelines only, optimal dilutions should be determined by the individual laboratory. When using the CSA detection system, the deparaffinized sections must be treated with heat prior to the IHC staining procedure. For greater adherence of tissue sections to glass slides, the use of silanized slides (code S3003) is recommended. When using the water bath method, preheat a Coplin jar containing 10 mol/L citrate buffer, pH 6.0, as well as a water bath to 95-99 °C. When the temperature has stabilized, place tissue sections in the Coplin jar containing the preheated buffer. Heat the tissue sections for 40 minutes. For improved staining results and a shorter incubation time, Dako Target Retrieval Solution (code S1700) can be used in place of the 10 mol/L citrate buffer. Under these conditions the incubation time in the water bath may be reduced to 20 minutes. After thermal treatment, allow the jar with buffer and slides to cool for 20 minutes at room temperature. Rinse well with distilled water and place slides in buffer (Tris, PBS, etc.). Cryostat Sections and Cell Smears Rabbit anti-human Bax can be used to label cryostat sections or cell smears. (100160-002) 303275RUO_001 p. 2/2 Western Blotting Rabbit anti-human Bax can be used in Western Blotting at a dilution of 1:1000 using an indirect peroxidase or alkaline phosphatase technique. These are guidelines only, optimal dilutions should be determined by the individual laboratory Performance characteristics: Normal Cells Rabbit anti-human Bax has been shown by immunohistochemistry to immunostain the cytoplasm of normal human breast epithelial cells in a granular or punctate pattern (1). In normal and reactive lymph nodes, Bax is expressed in germinal center and interfollicular lymphocytes (5). Strong Bax immunoreactivity has also been observed in enteroendocrine cells in the neck and base region of the gastric glands (6). In immunoblotting, Bax was observed to be weakly expressed in immature thymocytes and expression increased with thymic maturation. Tonsillar and splenic germinal center B cells demonstrated higher levels of Bax expression than memory or naive B cells. Among hematolymphoid cells, high levels of Bax expression have been demonstrated by immunoblot analysis in monocytes, neutrophils, NK cells and activated T and B cells (7). Tumor Cells Bax expression was studied by immunohistochemistry in breast carcinoma in situ and the majority of cases were found to be positive. In 34% of the metastatic breast carcinomas tested, Bax expression was significantly reduced in most of the infiltrating tumor cells (8). Moderate to strong Bax expression has been demonstrated in a large percentage of the tumor cells in adenocarcinoma of the prostate and prostate intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) (9). Anti-Bax has been shown to immunostain the majority of cases evaluated of HIV-associated Hodgkin's disease, HIV-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and HIV-unrelated NHL (5). In gastric adenocarcinoma, Bax immunoreactivity has been observed in the majority of tumors and expression varied depending on the histological type. Gastric tumors with an intestinal histological pattern were more frequently Bax positive than those with diffuse histology (6).

Buffer: Rabbit anti-human Bax is a purified immunoglobulin fraction of rabbit antiserum in 0.05 mol/L Tris-HCl, pH 7.2, 0.015 mol/L sodium azide and carrier protein. It has been absorbed with ovalbumin. Immunogen

Lagerung: Store at 2-8 °C. Precautions: 1. The device is not intended for clinical use including diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of a disease state, and it must not be used in conjunction with patient records or treatment. 2. For professional users. 3. This product contains sodium azide (NaN 3 ), a chemical highly toxic in pure form. At product concentrations, though not classified as hazardous, NaN 3 may react with lead and copper plumbing to form highly explosive build-ups of metal azides. Upon disposal, flush with large volumes of water to prevent metal azide build-up in plumbing. 4. As with any product derived from biological sources, proper handling procedures should be used. 5. Wear appropriate Personal Protective Equipment to avoid contact with eyes and skin. 6. Unused solution should be disposed of according to local, State and Federal regulations.

Beschränkungen: Nur für Forschungszwecke einsetzbar

Publikationen

Publikationen: Engelkamp, Schaefer, Mattei et al.: "Six S100 genes are clustered on human chromosome 1q21: identification of two genes coding for the two previously unreported calcium-binding proteins S100D and S100E." in: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Vol. 90, Issue 14, pp. 6547-51, 1993 (PubMed).

Schaefer, Heizmann: "The S100 family of EF-hand calcium-binding proteins: functions and pathology." in: Trends in biochemical sciences, Vol. 21, Issue 4, pp. 134-40, 1996 (PubMed).

Long, Ilie, Hofman et al.: "LANA-1, Bcl-2, Mcl-1 and HIF-1alpha protein expression in HIV-associated Kaposi sarcoma." in: Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology, Vol. 455, Issue 2, pp. 159-70, 2009 (PubMed).

uorbo, Kaino, Arnes et al.: "Prognostic markers for coexistent carcinoma in high-risk endometrial hyperplasia with negative D-score: significance of morphometry, hormone receptors and apoptosis for outcome prediction." in: Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica, Vol. 88, Issue 11, pp. 1234-42, 2009 (PubMed).

Costa, Alencar, Valadares et al.: "The clinicopathological significance of the expression of Granzyme B in oral squamous cell carcinoma." in: Oral oncology, Vol. 46, Issue 3, pp. 185-9, 2010 (PubMed).

Batista, Costa, Oton-Leite et al.: "Distinctive clinical and microscopic features of squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity and lip." in: Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology, oral radiology, and endodontics, Vol. 109, Issue 3, pp. e74-9, 2010 (PubMed).

Castro, Elias, Oton-Leite et al.: "Long-term effects of nifedipine on human gingival epithelium: a histopathological and immunohistochemical study." in: Journal of oral science, Vol. 52, Issue 1, pp. 55-62, 2010 (PubMed).